God’s Gifts in the Life of His Church

Newsletter article for December 2002

© 2002 by Rev. Paul A. Wolff

Jesus said, “Surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age.” (Matthew 28:20) God has also said, “Never will I leave you, never will I forsake you.” (Hebrews 13:5) These words are a wonderful source of comfort and consolation from a God who loves us and cares for us, and watches over us, but in addition to these words God has given us something more substantial upon which we base our faith. God has given us the “Means of Grace” to give us His presence, and also to prove to us that He is here with us when we need Him. The Means of Grace are the ways that God delivers to us His good gifts of salvation. The Means of Grace are God’s Word, and the sacraments of Holy Baptism and the Lord’s Supper.

Although the Means of Grace are the ways that God makes Himself and His Gospel tangible and real to us, each of the Means works in a different way, and each one has a special place in the life of the Church (i.e. God’s people). It is important for us as a Church to understand how the Means of Grace work among us so that we can gain the full blessings which Christ wants for His church. For example, if we use the Lord’s Supper the same way we use the Holy Scriptures, then we may miss out on some of the extraordinary blessings of this sacrament.

In my personal studies recently I have been working my way through a book of essays by the 20^th century Lutheran theologian and historian, Hermann Sasse. Pastor Sasse spent much of his ministry dealing with the unionistic Lutheran Church in Germany (and elsewhere), and I have found that his essays from the 1930’s are surprisingly relevant now. The unfaithful desire for unity without full agreement in the Gospel and all of its articles, which has afflicted American Lutheranism for years, is now beginning to infect the Missouri Synod as well. American Lutherans have not done well to learn from history in this case, but as history repeats itself, our Synod (and we, as faithful Christians) can remain faithful to God and show the world the true blessings of God’s Church, and not some man-made unity based on lies.

Dr. Sasse recognized that in the Union church in Germany the use of the Means of Grace suffered. In his 1938 essay “Church and the Lord’s Supper” he noted how the Means of Grace work to build Christ’s church. He begins by telling how God’s Word works in the church. “Because the Word of God is given to the whole world, it resounds throughout the world, which is why the Christian service of the Word has been a public event open also to non-Christians, as a matter of principle, since time immemorial.”* This shows that God’s Word is a Means of Grace which is to be shared with everyone. The “whole world” is to know about Jesus through the Word, but the other Means of Grace don’t work the same way.

The next of the Means of Grace is Holy Baptism. Dr. Sasse says this about this Sacrament: “Baptism stands at the borderline of church and world, acting either by itself or in combination with the closely associated rite of confirmation to disclose to people the inner space of the church, which is forever hidden from the gaze and understanding of the world.” Since Baptism makes a person a child of God, and a member of Christ’s church it has a special place in the life of the church. Through Baptism we are given new citizenship, so to speak, as it says in Philippians 3:20, “our citizenship is in heaven.” Also, the grace of God is nowhere more clearly shown than in the practice of infant Baptism. Infant Baptism clearly recognizes the original sin which afflicts every person, and also shows God’s Grace in that an infant can do nothing to bring this blessing upon himself or herself, neither to ask God for forgiveness and salvation, nor to earn it through good works. But whether it is infant or adult Baptism, God brings us into His kingdom through this means.

Finally, the Lord’s Supper, has a still different role in building up the church of Christ on earth. Sasse notes: “As the sacrament proper to the church, the [Lord’s] Supper is, therefore, as a matter of principle, not a public event. Thus the most ancient church celebrated it behind closed doors (Rev. 3:20)…. Although it is celebrated in a particular place at a particular time with earthly elements, the Supper does not belong to this world but always remains an intrusive alien element within it. Even for this reason, the church needs the Supper.” We dare not treat the Lord’s Supper as we do God’s Word or vice versa, although they are both His means of delivering His grace to us. We ought to share the Word of God with all people, but Scripture itself (1 Corinthians 11:29) warns us not to give the Lord’s Supper to just anyone, only those faithful Christians who can recognize it for what it really is, the true body and blood of Jesus.

Since the Lord’s Supper brings the body and blood of Jesus to all those who partake the Sacrament it truly brings the metaphor to life that the church is the “body of Christ.” Since Jesus comes to His people in this real, physical way, the Lord’s Supper is very important for the life of the church. Dr. Sasse observes, “Whenever the Lord’s Supper has been permitted to decay, the boundary lines between the church and the world have universally disappeared and the church has been absorbed into the world. The Supper is thus the Sacrament in which the church’s ‘foreignness from the world,’ and hence her essence as the church of God, finds visible expression.” He is talking about both the doctrine and the practice of the Lord’s Supper. Where these decay the church decays and is no longer separate from the world. This is always a great tragedy, and when we see it happening we should work hard to prevent it by remaining faithful to Christ’s words and His sacraments.

Although Jesus ascended into heaven some 1,970 years ago to rule with the Father over all creation, He hasn’t left us. Jesus is still with us, and working among us through these three gifts, His Word, Baptism, and the Lord’s Supper. These are precious gifts, and we should treasure them, and we should faithfully make use of them whenever we can so that God’s people are strengthened, and His will is done here on earth.

* The quotes from Hermann Sasse come from “Church and Lord’s Supper”, quoted in The Lonely Way, p. 378-380, CPH 2001.

The Meaning of “Is”

Newsletter Article for August 1999

© 1999 Rev. Paul A. Wolff

One of the most bizarre bits of information to come out of the investigation and impeachment of President Clinton was a sound bite of him trying to avoid admitting his sexual relationship with a young woman who was not his wife. He said the following on August 17, 1998 to the grand jury investigating the Jones' harassment case. What Mr. Clinton said was, “That depends on what the meaning of 'is' is.”

As soon as this statement became public Mr. Clinton was (and continues to be) harshly derided for this transparent effort to avoid giving a straight answer to a direct, although poorly worded, question. He was asked, “Is there a relationship?” instead of “Was there a relationship?” Taking advantage of this small mistake, Mr. Clinton focused on the tense of the verb, saying that “is” doesn't mean “was” or “will be.” The verb “to be” is one of the most basic verbs in the English language, or any other language for that matter. To quibble over the meaning of “is” is to be completely ignorant, or desperate, or malicious.

This is not the first time in history that the meaning of “is” has been called into question. A long, long time before our scoundrel President tried to weasel his way out of admitting his sordid affair with a young intern some prominent theologians in the sixteenth century debated the meaning of Jesus' words about the Lord's Supper, “This is my body”. The meaning of “is” which was at issue then compares two equivalent things, or states that one thing is exactly the same as another, or that two things are, in fact, the same thing. This incident is particularly meaningful for Lutherans so I would like take this opportunity to review this historical debate.

The focus of the dispute in 1529 was the Lord's Supper. Specifically, it was the question of the real, physical, bodily presence of Jesus in the bread and wine of the Sacrament. Ulrich Zwingli was a Swiss reformer who could not accept the miraculous nature of the sacrament. Since it is naturally impossible for a body to be physically present in two or more places at once, Zwingli claimed that when Jesus said, “This is my body” He really meant, “This represents my body.” By saying that “is” means “symbolizes” or “represents” Zwingli was saying that the physical body of Jesus is not present in the bread and wine of the Lord's Supper even though Jesus says it is.

Martin Luther, the German reformer, maintained that the words of Jesus are clear and unambiguous. When Jesus said, “This is my body” and “This is my blood” that is exactly what He was giving His disciples in the bread and wine. Luther claimed that Jesus wasn't speaking figuratively or metaphorically, but literally.

Luther didn't try to explain how Jesus could give His body and blood in bread and wine to His disciples, instead Luther simply trusted that because Jesus is both God and man, He has the power to do whatever He says. If Jesus says that the bread is His body and the wine is His blood, then it must be just as He says it is. The words of Jesus are clear about what He was then giving to His disciples, and what He now gives to all who receive the Sacrament to this very day. Even if a billion Christians around the world receive the Lord's Supper each Sunday each receives the body and blood of Jesus for the forgiveness of their sins and the strengthening of their faith.

To try to explain away miracles such as the real, bodily presence of Jesus in the Sacrament is to cast doubt on Jesus, on His power, on His person, and ultimately, it casts doubt on Christ's ability to save us from our sins. After all, if Jesus cannot personally give each communicant His body and blood to eat and drink in the Lord's Supper, as He says He does, then we cannot be sure that He can reach us with His forgiveness, as He also says He does.

If we claim that Jesus isn't really present in the Sacrament, how do we suppose that Jesus will recognize each of us when He returns to judge us? Jesus says in John 10:14, “I know my sheep, and my sheep know me” and we should trust that he is telling the truth there, too, but in the Lord's Supper we have His promise made more sure because He personally gives us His body and blood. We are in Christ because He makes us part of His body as 1 Corinthians 12:27 states, “Now you are the body of Christ, and each one of you is a part of it.” So when Christ returns, He will know His people because He is a part of them, and they are a part of His body.

It is truly a mystery how Jesus can give His true body and blood to each person in the world who receives the Sacrament. Fortunately for us Jesus doesn't ask that we understand it, or be able to explain it, He simply asks us to believe it. And although Jesus doesn't tell us how He does this, He does tell us why. Jesus' body and blood is “for you” (1 Corinthians 11:24 and Luke 22:19-20) and “for the forgiveness of sins.” (Matthew 26:28)

You don't have to be a scholar to understand what “is” means. We all use it every day. I have used a form of the verb “to be” in each paragraph of this essay, and I didn't even try to do this, it came naturally. People's inability to believe God's word doesn't come from a lack of understanding of the grammar of Scripture. Instead unbelief comes from a lack of faith in God and in His power to save us. We may not always understand why God does what He does, but we should trust that God loves us all, and that everything He does, He does because of His love so that we will be saved from our sins and receive eternal life through Jesus Christ our savior.

P.S. I found it interesting when looking up the definition for “be” in my dictionary among several examples of the usage of this verb and its cognates there were two examples from Holy Scripture: “God is love” 1 John 4:16 ; and “Christ is risen from the dead” 1 Corinthians 15:20.